Tetrathiomolybdate (TM)

My opinion:

Clear science – Accessible (cost and source) – Clinical trials with positive results – Can be added in parallel to other treatments – Needs constant blood tests to follow Cu levels
Conclusion: Good addition to most anticancer treatment strategies and, alone, TM can be a good anti cancer treatment.

What is impressive to me is to see that this drug has been in the news, as an anti-cancer element with serious potential, since 2000. And today remains in the news:
2015: Drug Creates €˜Inhospitable€™ Environment for Breast Cancer Progression
2014 in Nature: Copper is required for oncogenic BRAF signalling and tumorigenesis
2014 in Nature: Inhibiting oncogenic BRAF signalling by copper depletion

Update September 27th, 2015: This is a very interesting paper I found today indicating that tetrathiomolybdate protects against liver injury from acetaminophen in Mice http://jrnlappliedresearch.com/articles/Vol4Iss3/Brewer.pdf I like this article a lot because paracetamol/acetaminophen is needed during pro oxidant therapies such as 3BP or other chemotherapies to inhibit glutathione production (a resistance mechanism of cancer cells against pro-oxidant therapies). One main drawback of using paracetamol/acetaminophen is the liver toxicity and co-administration of tetrathiomolybdate seems to protect against that. This is a great bonus from TM next to its anti-angiogenesis properties.

Note: Do not take the angio-inhibitors while healing (e.g. from surgery or fracture) or while pregnant.  Do not give to a child.

Update July 2019: Here is another treatment options that can induce Copper depletion https://www.cancertreatmentsresearch.com/a-silver-bullet-to-kill-cancer/

Summary

Angiogenesis is the physiological process through which new blood vessels form. In cancer, this is a vital mechanism that helps the tumors get their oxygen and the other nutrients all cells need to survive and continue growing.  Like healthy cells, cancer cells cannot live without oxygen and nutrients. So they send out signals, called angiogenic factors, that encourage new blood vessels to grow into the tumor. Without a blood supply, a tumor can’t grow much bigger than a pin head. (Ref)

As a result, angiogenesis was recognized as a therapeutic target for blocking cancer growth.

Copper has an important role in the angiogenesis process and copper chelation is recognized as a potential anti-cancer treatment targeting the inhibition of the angiogenesis process (Ref).

TM (tetrathiomolybdate) is a copper chelator and thus works against tumors by removing copper from the body. It is a drug already approved for human use, for the treatment of Wilson’s disease. In cancer treatment in humans, TM is used to reduce copper by 80%: €œDecreasing copper by 80% turns out to be fine to maintain the normal, housekeeping functions of normal cells,€ Merajver told Cancer Network. €œBut this level is not enough for very active angiogenesis required by tumors. The new blood vessel growth required for tumor progression is inhibited when copper is within this low level. This is the window of opportunity that this copper chelation affords.€ (Ref)

Case reports and Clinical studies

Treatment of metastatic cancer with tetrathiomolybdate, an anticopper, antiangiogenic agent: Phase I study. M-induced mild copper deficiency achieved stable disease in five of six patients who were copper deficient at the target range for at least 90 days.

Phase II trial of tetrathiomolybdate in patients with advanced kidney cancer Four patients (31%) had stable disease for at least 6 months during copper depletion (median, 34.5 weeks). TM was well tolerated, with dose reductions most commonly occurring for grade 3-4 granulocytopenia of short duration not associated with febrile episodes.

Mechanism

TM is a copper chelator, while copper seems to be required for the development of new blood vessels needed to support the the tumor growth.
Its mechanism may involve inhibition of NF-κB and downstream cytokines.

Safety/Toxicity

“TM has been used in humans to treat a disease of copper excess known as Wilson€™s disease, and found to have some mild side effects. TM is likely safe to use in cancer patients, based on preliminary human research (noted above), provided it is used under close medical supervision. TM can cause the body€™s copper level to go too low resulting in low white and red cell counts (temporary). This can cause fatigue, dizziness, and susceptibility to infection. Low cell counts can be rapidly corrected by adjusting the dose of TM. Other known side effects include bad breath, diarrhea, and rash. In our experience, mild drops in cell counts are common, and most patients have little or no side effects from the drug itself. Patients who receive TM must be closely monitored for drug side effects with routine check-ups and comprehensive lab tests.” (Ref.)

“Two adverse effects predominate. One is overtreatment bone marrow suppression. Since the bone marrow requires copper for cellular proliferation, higher doses of tetrathiomolybdate causing bone marrow depletion of copper result in bone marrow cellular suppression. The other adverse effect is elevation of serum aminotransferase enzymes, possibly due to hepatic mobilization of copper in livers already loaded with copper. Both adverse effects are dose related and occur much less frequently if the daily dose of tetrathiomolybdate does not exceed 120 mg. Since there does not appear to be an efficacy advantage of higher tetrathiomolybdate doses, we recommend 120 mg/d for initial therapy in Wilson’s disease, to minimize adverse effects. Both adverse effects, if they do occur, are quickly responsive to drug holiday and/or dose reduction.” (Ref.)

“Dr. Vahdat: Well, everything has risk. I would say the two side effects that we’ve seen is that if we over copper deplete patients there is a risk of them having a low white blood count, we do that three percent of the time, and the other thing that patients can get is a sulfur burp. Sulfur burps actually smell like rotten eggs. My patients will always tell me that it bothers other people more than it bothers the patient, but we give them what we call a PPI, a proton pump inhibitor, to decrease the acid level in their stomach and it gets rid of the sulfur burp. So, really the only risk that we’ve seen so far, and we have patients who are on trial for more than six years, is that if we over copper deplete them their white blood count can be lowered.” (Ref.)
Based on the above, PPIs such as Omeprazole or Lanzoprazole should solve the issue of sulfur burps.

Preparation & Administration

Serum ceruloplasmin (Cp) was used as a marker for total body copper. Because anemia is the first clinical sign of copper deficiency, the goal of the study was to reduce Cp to 20% of baseline value without reducing hematocrit below 80% of baseline. Cp is a reliable and sensitive measure of copper status, and TM was nontoxic when Cp was reduced to 15€“20% of baseline. (Ref)

TM (120 mg/day) was effective in reaching the target Cp without added toxicity. (Ref)

In order to determine if TM is effective in treating cancer, it is recommend at least 3 months of treatment. If a patient responds to the drug, their therapy may continue indefinitely.

Here is the Treatment Schema: Doses and Escalation from the Phase 1 clinical trial:

Three dose regimens were evaluated. All dose levels consisted of 20 mg of TM given three times daily with meals plus escalating (levels I, II, and III) in-between meals dose given three times daily for a total of six doses/day. Loading dose levels I, II, and III provided TM at 10, 15, and 20 mg, three times daily between meals, respectively, in addition to the three doses of 20 mg each given with meals at all dose levels.

Baseline Cp was taken as the nearest Cp measurement to day 1 of treatment (including day 1) because blood was drawn before TM treatment from all patients. The target Cp reduction was defined as 20% of baseline Cp (so the goal is to reduce Cp to 20% of the inital value measured). Due to Cp assay variability of approximately 2% at this institution, a change of Cp to 22% of baseline was considered as achieving the desired reduction of copper. In addition, if the absolute Cp was less than 5 mg/dl, then the patient was considered as having reached the target Cp. No patient reached the 5 mg/dl target without also being at least 78% reduced from baseline. After reaching the target copper-deficient state, TM doses were individually tailored to maintain Cp within a target window of 70€“90% reduction from baseline.

If the above is not clear you could also read this webpage where the treatment is described in a more simple way.

In one of the case reports from Medicor there is a reference to a patient who developed crampy pains in her leg muscles. After administration of oral magnesium tablets that was resolved.

Update September 25th, 2015: 58 capsules of 20mg tetrathiomolybdate (see pic below):

Tetrathiomolybdate

Source & Cost

CAS number: 15060-55-6

Once source can be chemical companies such as Sigma where 10g would cost about 200euro and would be enough for about 3 months.

Another example of a source is Flora Apotheke in Hanover, Germany where the one month supply would cost about 250 euro.

Patents

Tetrapropylammonium tetrathiomolybdate and related compounds for anti-angiogenic therapies Disclosed are copper-binding compounds with improved properties and methods of using such compounds in the prevention and treatment of angiogenic diseases, such as cancer. Advantages of the invention include the enhanced stability of the compounds, which is achieved without reduction in efficacy. Pharmaceutical compositions, therapeutic kits and combination treatment methods and uses are also provided.

Literature

COPPER AND ANGIOGENESIS: UNRAVELLING A RELATIONSHIP KEY TO CANCER PROGRESSION

The promise of copper lowering therapy with tetrathiomolybdate in the cure of cancer and in the treatment of inflammatory disease.

Tetrathiomolybdate-associated copper depletion decreases circulating endothelial progenitor cells in women with breast cancer at high risk of relapse.

Copper lowering therapy with tetrathiomolybdate as an antiangiogenic strategy in cancer. In a phase 1/2 clinical trial of advanced and metastatic cancers, freedom from progression averaged 11 months, and some individual results were quite dramatic. Eight phase 2 studies of specific cancers have been launched. TM’s hypothesized mechanism of action is inhibition of angiogenic cytokines. Unlike other current approaches to antiangiogenic therapy which target single agents, we hypothesize that TM inhibits multiple angiogenic cytokines. Part of this effect appears to stem from inhibition of nuclear factor kappa B (NF(K)B), which in turn controls transcription of many angiogenic and other cytokines. However, there are probably multiple mechanisms, in that some angiogenic cytokines appear to have separate mechanisms of copper dependence. The inhibition of multiple angiogenic cytokines gives TM the potential to be a more global inhibitor of angiogenesis.

Pre-operative chemoradiation followed by post-operative adjuvant therapy with tetrathiomolybdate, a novel copper chelator, for patients with resectable esophageal cancer.

Bad penny: Cancer’s thirst for copper can be targeted

Copper depletion inhibits CoCl2-induced aggressive phenotype of MCF-7 cells via downregulation of HIF-1 and inhibition of Snail/Twist-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition These results indicate that TEPA inhibits CoCl2-induced EMT most likely via HIF1-α-Snail/Twist signaling pathway, and copper depletion may be exploited as a therapeutic for breast cancer.

Bis‐choline Tetrathiomolybdate as Old Drug in a New Design for Wilson’s Disease: Good for Brain and Liver? https://aasldpubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/hep.30130

Synergists & Antagonists

Low gastrointestinal acidity may require less TM (Ref)

Clinics Treating Patients with Tetrathiomolybdate

Canada: Medicor

Disclaimer:

This site is not designed to and does not provide medical advice, professional diagnosis, opinion, treatment or services to you or to any other individual. Through this site and linkages to other sites, I provide general information for educational purposes only. The information provided in this site, or through linkages to other sites, is not a substitute for medical or professional care, and you should not use the information in place of a visit, call consultation or the advice of your physician or other healthcare provider. I am not liable or responsible for any advice, course of treatment, diagnosis or any other information, services or product you obtain through this site. This is just my own personal opinion regarding what we have learned on this road.

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39 thoughts on “Tetrathiomolybdate (TM)

  1. My girlfriend started taking TM in late 2001 after her oncologist threatened to cut her off if she didn’t have mastectomies and a hysterectomy. She had several lumpectomies, cervical surgery and one ovary removed at that point, spread out from age 19 to age 30. I connected her with nurse Jan at the University of Michigan that was dispensing TM to the group of 30 + people with advanced cancer, and she benevolently supplied us with contact information of the supplier and the Tennessee pharmacist that made the caps and aided in communication between the staff at U of M, and my girlfriend’s doctor. The cancer was in remission for 3 months at which time we broke up. She maintained low copper levels for 6 more months with no evidence of cancer. However, she lapsed from taking the TM after losing her job. As related to me anecdotally, the cancer returned immediately and she needed to have lymph nodes removed. As an ex-boyfriend of a newly married woman I didn’t feel it was my place to grill her about the particulars. As I understand it, she has maintained treatment with TM ever since, and has had no additional cancer related events. Of note, she was able to become pregnant with her remaining ovary and now has a 10+ year old daughter. It was communicated to me that lapsing from taking the drug results in high spiking of copper levels; higher than before treatment began.

    The rumor is it that University of Michigan licensed the drug to a group of doctor investors in California that put together an application to get TM approved for use in humans by the FDA. However, the application was botched and after great expense and time, the application was rejected for unknown, although allegedly frivolous reasons. Subsequently, the doctors fought, pointed fingers and lost interest in investing additional monies in the drug.

    It has also been suggested that TM would be too readily available as a knock-off since it is just a metal salt. Ease of purchase without going through the doctor-prescription system would deprive the California doctors of their investment money. In 2000, after reading a WIRED magazine article on TM I found pricing for a 55 gallon drum of powdered industrial TM at around $300.

    My personal opinion is that the drug is wildly effective for cancers that present tumors needing to be supplied with blood vessels in order to grow the tumor rapidly. TM’s cost is low, side effects are minimal and it may be used in parallel with other treatments without affecting them.

    The downsides are:
    -It takes a few weeks time to reduce copper levels to a level that stops the cancer from being able to construct a blood supply network.
    -You can’t stop once you start or it’s thought that the cancer will come back with a vengeance.
    -You might have to get back to work.

    1. David, you are a good person for helping her through a difficult period in her life… I believe in Karma, your life will be filled with a lot of happiness

    1. The three major options I see are:
      1. Compounding Pharmacies (see a source above)
      2. Pharmaceutical Chem. Suppliers (See an example above but there are many)
      3. Private Clinics ( e.g. Medicor but most clinics in US, Germany, Mexico may be able to support with that)

  2. what about other copper chelators D-Penicillamine, trientine hydrochloride, zinc etc? Tetrathiomolybdate is not the only copper depletor.

    what are your thoughts on vitamin b6 for this?

    1. Dear Alfredo, thank you for your comment. Tetrathiomolybdate is not the only copper chelator but is one of those standing out in terms of effectiveness, low side effects, anecdotal and case reports. I usually write about those that sand out. The use of Zinc and B6 is debatable in cancer patients (both pro and cons). The other two you mention are new to me. I will check them and if there is anything that stands out I will write about them. Kind regards, Daniel

  3. In response to Joris comment https://www.cancertreatmentsresearch.com/anti-psoriasis-drug-works-against-tumors/#comment-3132 :

    Hi Joris,

    Thank you. Now patients with prescription or medical doctors know that besides the pharmacy in Germany, there is a pharmacy in the Netherlands (http://www.mierlohout.nl/engels/products-and-prices/index.html) represented by you, willing to produce TM if there is enough demand. I guess, this info is more relevant for the doctors since only they can get enough orders at the same moment so that will convince you starting production.

    Kind regards,
    Daniel

    1. Hi Douglas,

      I apologize for the delay of my answer but only now saw your question. I do not know a specific clinic or doctor in US giving TM but you should contact a few and there is a good chance you will find one. Alternatively, other people are just ordering TM from chemical suppliers and make their own capsules. Regardless of the approach, TM is enough accessible so that with a bit of dedication and allocated time, anyone can get to it.

      Kind regards,
      Daniel

  4. Having a status of no evidence of disease (NED) or low tumor burden may be key for TM success
    Of interest, I recently attended the American College of Nutrition 2017 conference in Alexandria, VA. Dr. Linda Vahdat presented her research on TM and breast cancer and Dr. GJ Brewer was also present at the conference. Dr. Brewer has done some extensive work with TM in various capacities, including cancer and you can find his name attached to several human clinical trials using TM in cancer patients. Dr. Vahdat’s work was quite impressive, showing increased survival and long term remission in a decent percentage of stage III and triple negative stage IV breast cancer patients who were in NED at the start of the trial.

    My husband has stage IV prostate cancer and is currently in NED on androgen deprivation. We were contemplating TM until I found this paper: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17641535, indicating that TM was not effective for hormone refractory prostate cancer. However, after speaking with Dr. Vahdat and Dr. Brewer, we are reconsidering as the take-home from my conversations with them was that TM can work, but the success is dependent on being in NED or close to it. Once the cancer has a strong foothold, the inflammation recruits other non-copper dependent growth factors and the cancer can work around the copper depletion. Likely, using the TM in conjunction with other anti-angiogenesis therapies would improve outcome.

    So TM is on the table as we determine our next move. We have the blessing that the androgen deprivation is giving us time to strategize.

    Blessings to all

    1. Dear Shanti,

      Thank you so much for sharing with us your findings. Indeed, when the tumors are large they are better adapted for survival. At this point, fibroblast play an important supportive role: https://www.hindawi.com/journals/bmri/2016/4502846/ or Tumor microenvironment derived exosomes pleiotropically modulate cancer cell metabolism https://elifesciences.org/articles/10250
      Essentially, fibroblast can provide nutrients such as lactate and amino acids to adjacent cancer cells http://online.liebertpub.com/doi/full/10.1089/ars.2016.6750
      Tranilast is a drug that can address fibroblasts https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25224016
      It is a little difficult to obtain Tranilast as it can be found mainly in Japan but not impossible.

      Please keep us upto date with your findings that you think are relevant for prostate cancer. On prostate cancer I wrote a post here https://www.cancertreatmentsresearch.com/prostate-cancer/
      As soon as possible I will also share the story of a man I am in contact with, who has prostate cancer and is managing that well. When the man is ready to share his story, I will post it here.

      Kind regards,
      Daniel

      1. Dear Daniel,
        Thank you for your thoughtful reply and for sending the additional information which I will read through when I have a moment. Mostly, thank you for your labor of love and service to humanity in creating and maintaining this site. It is a beacon of hope and life-saving information for those of us whose search has led us here. We have been doing a variation on a protocol by Bill Peeples, which involves supplements for 3 weeks out of the month and then discontinuing most of them them for a week while utilizing off label medication; fenofibrate, 2DG, DCA, artemisinin, LDN, and metformin (https://bpccancerprotocol.wordpress.com/about/). We also utilize home IVC, B17, hyperthermia and ozone. We are looking to refine what we are doing and hope to one day be free of the androgen deprivation. I foresee many hours in my future looking through the information you have gathered.

        I am so happy to hear of a man who is managing his prostate cancer, and look forward to learning about his recipe for success, even if results are preliminary. I appreciate your making me and others feel welcome here and inviting us to learn together.

        With Gratitude,

        Shanti

        1. Dear Shanti,

          As I also wrote to Kim previously, thank you so much for your appreciation. This keeps me motivated to go on and do even more on this line. Also thank you for sharing the link. I think I came across this protocol previously, which includes elements I also find relevant. Regarding LDN, please read this short post https://www.cancertreatmentsresearch.com/immunomax-vaccine/ In this I made the point related to TLR4 and the relevance of understanding if that is down regulated or over expressed in the cancer type you are dealing with. For that you can check the literature to have a feeling on what is the case. Depending on that, for some cancer types we may want to avoid its use (in which case Immunomax may help) while for others we can expect to help.

          I will share as soon as the man is willing to write a summary, but the major PSA drop he saw when he switched first to fasting (while using water) for a few days and after switching to Gerson diet. Fats should be in general avoided as they represent fuel for hormone production.

          Kind regards,
          Daniel

  5. Hello All,

    We’ve decided afer a discussion with Daniel to have my wife on TM ; However sourcing it seems to be a bit challenging ; Bulk powder is available but I had a discussion with a very well informed patient(she is also an MD and user for 2.5 years) who informed me that this coumpound is highly sensitive to oxydation. She told me that bulk powder will get oxydated very fast and loose its potency so it’s not a viable solution…capsule form are pretty much impossible to find right now in Europe even in the German pharmacy that Daniel mentionned in the article.. What are your thoughts and experiences ?

    Thanks a lot

    Julien

  6. Hello Shanti and Daniel,

    Flora’s TM is coumpounded with 80mg of tocopherolacetate per 20mg capsule to prevent product oxidation ; I’m not a big fan of synthetic VitE and the price quite high so I’m not sure about it. I’ve contacted other pharmacy on the US/Canada and they all need national RX, and one them(Dr Rosenberg) warn me about shipping abroad (apparently his form of TM need to be refrigerated)
    Any other Idea?
    Best would be to direct buy to producers but (I) I’m not sure they can sell direct to customers(sigma told me it’s for labs only) and (II) I’m concer’ about this oxydation issue with bulk powder(there is 1g bottle so maybe it can work with this quantity)
    Your comment /other idea of potential source would be very appreciated.
    Many thanks
    Julien

  7. Hi Julien,
    Sigma will usually sell and ship the product if you can have it sent to a university address or other science institute and it helps if you can use an email address from the same institution, so basically, if you have a friend who may be in a position to order it for you. Is this a possibility? You also want to get pharmaceutical grade if possible. I believe that Dr. Brewer, as well as the breast cancer trial that used TM, was supplied by Sigma, so their quality should be good. If you are able to get the material, it is possible that a patent on TM may discuss compounding techniques for stability. I will take a look and see if I can find anything. I understand either oil submersion or argon gas are used to protect the TM material in the capsule from oxygen and water.
    -Shanti

  8. Hi Julien,
    After doing some reading, it seems that TM is stored under argon gas once it is produced and this proper storage by compounding pharmacies as well as chemical supply companies.
    If you are able to get the TM material (perhaps through a friend who works at/attends a university), perhaps the easiest thing to do from there would be to store it under argon gas yourself. Argon gas is used in welding and should be available at a welding supply store. Once you invest in a tank, getting the gas should not be too expensive. Argon gas isn’t dangerous, except that if you breathed it in and it is replacing oxygen, it is an asphyxiant. It is heavier than oxygen. If a storage container, accessible from the top, could be devised, that was tightly sealed and could be reinfused with argon, you could remove and use the TM as needed knowing that the TM was safe from oxidation.
    -Shanti

  9. Hi Julien,
    I also made an earlier post in response to yours, but for some reason, it won’t go through so I will try to recap it briefly. I believe Sigma supplied Dr. Brewer’s studies and the breast cancer study, they should have quality TM. Best to get pharmaceutical grade if possible. If you have a friend who works or attends a university, they should be able to order it for you, or a friend who works at a scientific institution. Is this a possibility for you?
    -Shanti

    1. Hi Shanti,

      Sometimes, some post are automatically filtered and go to a folder waiting for my approval. I just approved your earlier post and is now published.

      Kind regards,
      Daniel

    1. HI Nicolas,

      There was at least one pharmacy in Germany (Flora) providing these capsules. Myself, I decided to source the raw material from a large wester chemical supplier, supplying TM, and make the capsule – that was about 7/8 years ago, but this should be a feasible option today as well.

      Kind regards,
      Daniel

  10. I took TM for 3 weeks..I was not in remission..stage 4 TNBC mets to liver and bones… after 3 weeks I had MASSIVE INFLAMMATION so bad that it felt like my nose was punched and I couldn’t breath out of it… and then I had the MOST progression of cancer that I have ever had…with mets now also in lung and brain…. I stopped the TM and the inflammation went completely away!!! They want to get your ceruplasm level to about 12-17 after only 1 week I got to 16… it did NOTHING for me…but made me worse.

    1. Very sorry to hear this. Ceruloplasmin is a key anti-inflammatory protein, which is why you suffered severe inflammation! Copper deficiency makes mitochondrial function worse, hence reducing important functions such as apoptosis. The above-mentioned treatment illustrates how things can go wrong when you look at systems separate from the whole.

      IMO this strategy can at best provide short-term results, not long-term. Most likely, many cancer patients have a copper deficiency already, which is needed to regulate oxygen metabolism. And dysregulated oxygen metabolism is key in cancer progress:
      https://synergiesforcancertreatments.blogspot.com/2018/06/the-truth-about-cancer.html

      1. Hi Johan,

        Your thoughts are fair, but there are both scientific reports and anecdotal reports (also on this website) indicating potential for positive contribution in the person as a whole.

        It is clear that we did not find the solution for all with minimum side effects, but based on the evidence so far in theory (separated system) and practice (the whole), TM remains a tool with good potential for some.

        The report of nnj925 helps us to realize that some people may also experience side effects, and this is why it is best to perform the treatment under the guidance of a healthcare professional experienced with the treatments.

        Kind regards,
        Daniel

        1. I agree, but how would you assess that this is a good option to pursue, I mean there’s always an opportunity cost. Are there any cancer markers or blood results that would help with this decision, or specific types of cancers? Should this be done in parallel with other treatments? Thanks!

          1. Hi Johan,

            this is a very good question that I think applies to many of the cancer treatments. In conventional field, there are statistics and clinical trials that are used as a reference point to answer such a question. Here, we can only use the bits and pieces of knowledge to define a path forward.

            One point that is clear is that TM is expected to be, at least in some cases, an option to address angiogenesis. This option can be considered for example, when a report such as RGCC indicates an upregulation of angiogenesis related mechanisms. Or when someone deals with a fast-growing cancer that relies on angiogenesis more than the slow growing ones. I woudl also consider this as an option in very early stages.

            I woudl consider it as an addition and not replacement of other treatment options, as often angiogenesis inhibitors are used. I woudl also consider the option of building a strategy around it to reduce the chance tumors will get their fuel via other routes.

            And more importantly is what are the other options available for the patient.

            I wrote about TM as I found it a valuable treatment option while searching for treatment options for my dear late wife. Finding valuable treatment options was extremely important in the context of an aggressive cancer that had no conventional effective option to be considered. By valuable, I mean there is a good science behind, it is relevant for many types of cancer, it is accessible and affordable, and there are case reports showing that the science has been applied successfully in at least a few people.

            When dealing with aggressive cancers, no matter what we do, we step in an uncharted territory that comes with risks. However, the risk of not doing anything is often very clear. What is in my view important is to get as many reference points as possible while trying to make steps forward, to minimize the chance of making wrong steps. This is why the report of nnj925 is important as a reference point to know that not always things go well with TM. However, we still need more information from nnj925 to understand what led to that experience since we never heard of such reaction with TM (TM Dose? Allergy? Sensitivity? Something else unrelated to TM? e.g. was there another treatment or infection or vaccination done at the same time? etc.)

            Kind regards,
            Daniel

    2. Hi nnj925,

      Where did you get your TM? Did you do this under the supervision of a person experienced with implementation of TM?

      Given the speed of action in your case (just one week to get to the target range if I understand correctly) it makes me think either the dose was too high or your body overreacted in some way to the treatment.

      It is possible that you had an allergic reaction as well. In this study where TM has been applied on cancer patients, there is no report of such event https://aacrjournals.org/clincancerres/article/6/1/1/287810/Treatment-of-Metastatic-Cancer-with But clearly every person can react in different ways to a substance. This is an example of a study with a positive experience while using TM, according to the report.

      3 weeks is indeed short to determine any anti-cancer effects since the depletion of Copper in the tumor environment takes typically longer as discussed in the study above. But clearly enough for you to determine it is not an option for you.

      Thank you for the report. I will now move to your questions on the e-mail.

      Kind regards,
      Daniel

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